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Expected answer

Signals are a reactive primitive that tracks dependencies automatically and notifies consumers when values change. Unlike Zone.js which triggers change detection across the entire component tree on any async event, signals enable fine-grained reactivity — only components that read a changed signal re-render. This dramatically improves performance for large applications. Signals also simplify the mental model compared to RxJS for synchronous state.

Expected answer

Use a monorepo with Nx for modular architecture. Feature modules with lazy loading for route-based code splitting. Standalone components for better tree-shaking. Shared UI library with Angular CDK. State management with NgRx using the facade pattern to abstract store details. Strict TypeScript with custom ESLint rules. CI/CD with build caching (Nx Cloud). E2E with Cypress or Playwright. Each feature module has its own state, services, and components — enforced by Nx boundaries.

Expected answer

Promises handle a single async value and are eager — they execute immediately. Observables handle multiple values over time and are lazy — they execute only when subscribed to. Observables support operators (map, filter, switchMap) for powerful composition and can be cancelled via unsubscribe. In Angular, HTTP calls return Observables which can be cancelled, retried, and combined. Key pattern: use async pipe in templates to auto-subscribe and unsubscribe, preventing memory leaks.